A recent independent survey has highlighted the transformative impact of Karnataka's Shakti free bus travel scheme for women, revealing significant improvements in financial security, mobility, and employment opportunities.
The study found that more than 91% of women respondents reported that the scheme positively affected their financial situation, with over 80% saving up to ₹1,000 per week on commuting expenses. These savings have enabled many households, particularly daily wage earners, to retain nearly one-third of their weekly income.
The "Impact Evaluation of the Five Guarantees of the Government of Karnataka", conducted by policy consultant Tara Krishnaswamy in partnership with Lokniti-CSDS and Indus Action Initiatives, surveyed 6,125 women heads of households across 15 districts, alongside in-depth qualitative interviews in five districts, analyzing outcomes through a gender perspective.
Key findings from the survey include:
High usage: The Shakti scheme had the highest adoption among the five government guarantees, with 96% of eligible women using the service.
Access to services: Approximately 83% of women reported improved access to healthcare, while the same proportion said the scheme strengthened family relationships by making it easier to visit relatives and children.
Empowerment: Nearly 72% of respondents felt more confident and independent, with two-thirds reporting greater autonomy in travel decisions.
Employment benefits: 19% of women gained new or better jobs due to the scheme, with districts like Chikkamagaluru (44%), Bengaluru Urban (34%), and Kolar (28%) showing particularly strong employment gains.
Despite these successes, the report highlighted some challenges, including overcrowded buses and limited accessibility to bus stops. More than 80% of participants noted that stops were too far, and delays caused by full buses were common.
The report recommends increasing the number and frequency of buses, expanding routes, and improving accessibility, particularly in Bengaluru Rural, where usage was the lowest at 86%. It also suggests rebranding the scheme to emphasize its socio-economic benefits rather than being perceived as a political freebie.